Q1 - Clinical anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial area: innervation (V2, V3, VII nerves - path, branches, zones of innervation); bones of the facial skeleton; masticatory muscles (masseter, pterygoideus lateralis/medialis, temporalis - insertions, innervation, blood supply, functio 7
Q2 - Clinical anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial area: blood supply (branches of external carotid artery and regions supplied by the following vessels: maxillary artery, facial artery, lingual artery and facial vein); lymphatic system (lymphatic nodes groups, anatomy drainage 16
Q3 - Patient’s examination: aim of clinical examination; anamnesis (parts of the anamnesis); clinical methods of examination; diagnosis (types of diagnosis); prognosis; investigation of general status of the patient. Paraclinical tests (benchmarks/normal range of haemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, differential counting of leukocytes, ESR, CRP, bleeding time, coagulation time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, INR, blood sugar level, potassium, sodium, pH, creatinine, urea 22
Q4 - Local anaesthesia: indications, anatomical considerations, needle puncture site, path of the needle, target area for infiltration, depth of needle penetration, zone anaesthetised via: terminal infiltration, intraligamentary anaesthesia,, tuberosity anaesthesia/superior posterior alveolar nerve block (SPANB), greater palatine nerve block, nasopalatine anaesthesia, infraorbital anaesthesia, inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB), Gow-Gates technique, Akinosi-Vazirani technique, La Guardia technique 31
Q5 - Types of local anaesthetics, metabolism of local anaesthetics (representatives of amides and esters groups). Mechanism of action and maximum dosages of local anaesthetics. Vasoconstrictors:
Q10 - Tooth eruption disturbances and teeth impaction. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, paraclinical tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management, complications. Preconditions for impaired tooth eruption and indications for removal of impacted wisdom teeth. Complications 70
Q11 - Acute periapical periodontitis. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, paraclinical tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management, complications and prophylaxis 77
Q12 - Chronic periapical periodontitis. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, paraclinical tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management, complications and prophylaxis 82
Q13 - Periostitis of jaws and facial bones. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, paraclinical tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management 89
Q14 - Odontogenic cysts of the jaws. Classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, paraclinical tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of: radicular cyst, residual cyst, paradental cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, lateral periodontal cyst. Surgical management. Complications 93
pharmacological interactions and maximum dosage. Local anaesthesia in healthy patients and patients with systemic diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular history (hypertension, myocardial infraction, etc), stroke. 47
Q6 - Complications of local anaesthesia: local and systemic complications. Prophylaxis and management. 53
Q7 - Local anaesthesia in paediatric patients: anatomical considerations, techniques, maximum dosages of local anaesthetics with and without vasoconstrictors 58
Q8* - Preoperative management of patients with systemic diseases (cardiovascular disease, anticoagulation and anti-platelet medication, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc) for anaesthesia, tooth extraction, and other surgical procedures in the oral cavity 60
Q9 - Emergency in dental practice: syncope, collapse, anaphylaxis, hypoglycaemia, asphyxia, asthma attack, seizure disorders, haemorrhage. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, coniotomy (cricothyrotomy). Management 64
