Legal writing in plain English Garner
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part two: Principles Mainly for Analytical
and Persuasive Writing 53
§ 21. Plan all three parts: the beginning, the middle, and
the end. 55
3 22. Use the "deep issue" to spill the beans on the first page. 58 § 23. Summarize. Don't overparticularize. 62 § 24. Introduce each paragraph with a topic sentence. 65 § 25. Bridge between paragraphs. 67 § 26. Yury the length of your paragraphs, but generally keep them short. 72
§ 27. Provide signposts along the way. 75
§ 28. Unclutter the text by moving citations into footnotes. 77 § 29. Weave quotations deftly into your narrative. 83 § 30. Be forthright in dealing with counterarguments. 85
tart three: Principles Mainly for Legal Drafting 89
8 31. Draft for an ordinary reader, not for a mythical judge who might someday review the document. 91 § 32. Organize provisions in order of descending importance. 93 § 33. Minimize definitions. If you have more than just a few, put them m a schedule at the end—not at the beginning. 97 § 34. Break down enumerations into parallel provisions. Put every list of subparts at the end of the sentence—never at the beginning or in the middle. 100 8 35. Delete every shall. 105 § 36. Don't use provisos. 107 §37. Replace and/or wherever it appears. 112 § 38. Prefer the singular over the plural. 114 § 39. Prefer numerals, not words, to denote amounts. Avoid word-numeral doublets. 115
§ 40. If you don't understand a form provision—or don't understand why it should be included m your document—try diligently to gain that understanding. If you still can't understand it,
cut it. 117
part four: Principles for Document Design 121
§ 41. Use a readable typeface. 123
8 42. Create ample white space—and use it meaningfully. 124 § 43. Highlight ideas with attention-getters such as bullets. 125 §44. Don't use all capitals, and avoid initial capitals. 126 § 45. For a long document, make a table of contents. 127
part five: Methods for Continued Improvement 135
§ 46. Embrace constructive criticism. 137 § 47. Edit yourself systematically. 138
§ 48. Learn how to find reliable answers to questions of grammar


