Ophthalmology notes dental students

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1. ANATOMY OF THE ORBIT, EYELIDS AND LACRIMAL SYSTEM.

The orbit is the cavity of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocuiar muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and nasolacrimal duct, the eyelids, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.

Structure

The orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face. Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls.

Openings

There are two important foramina, two important fissures, and one canal surrounding the orbit. The supraorbital foramen contains the supraorbital nerve, the first division of the trigeminal nerve or VI and lies just lateral to the frontal sinus. The infraorbital foramen contains the second division of the trigeminal nerve, the infraorbital nerve or V2, and sits on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus.

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