Orthodontics state exam notes

Giulia Benedetti E437

ORTHODONTICS STATE EXAM SYNOPSIS 2021

1. Primary dentition. Characteristics and special features of the dental arches.

2. Mixed dentition. Formation, stages, and characteristics. Transitory discrepancies inthe dental arches during mixed dentition.

3. Permanent dentition. Formation, stages, characteristics and development.

4. Normal occlusion in primary, mixed and permanent dentition.

5. Postnatal maxillofacial development.

6. Etiology of the malocclusions - impact of the hereditary and external etiological factors on prenatal development. Endocrine disorders and avitaminoses.

7. Etiology of the malocclusions - infant delivery and feeding during the infancy period as a predisposition for the development of malocclusions.

8. Etiology of the malocclusions - anodontia, hypodontia and hyperodontia.

9. Etiology of the malocclusions - oral habits.

10. Etiology of the malocclusions - caries of the primary teeth and premature loss of primary and permanent teeth. Fracture and trauma of the teeth during childhood.

11. Etiology of the malocclusions - obstructed nasal breathing and the mouth breathing as an oral habit.

12. Clinical evaluation (status and anamnesis).

13. Biometric methods of analysis.

14. Orthodontic radiological examination methods.

15. Functional assessment of the orofacial system. Clinical diagnostic procedures.

16. The “Norm” notion in orthodontics. Orthodontic terminology. Classification of the malocclusions. Angle’s classification.

17. Organization of the primary orthodontic prevention from the prenatal and postnatal period in primary dentition formation stage.

18. Primary and secondary orthodontic prevention of the malocclusions from 3 to 6 years of age.

19. Primary and secondary orthodontic prevention of the malocclusions in school age children.

20. Myofunctional therapy.

21. Interceptive orthodontic appliances - passive, active and space maintainers. Prefabricated interceptive appliances.

22. Fixed appliances: edgewise and straight wire appliance. Main features, principles and stages of edgewise appliance orthodontic treatment. Biomechanics - general concepts.

23. Extraoral orthodontic appliances - main features and principles.

24. The active plate - construction and indications.

25. Functional appliances, based onthe inclined plane principle - activator, monoblock, Schwarz appliance and active plate with upper anterior inclined bite plane.

26. Frankel functional regulator.

27. Klammt elastic open activator.

28. Balters bionator.

29. Discrepancies in tooth shape, size, and position. Clinical implications, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

30. Tooth number discrepancies. Impacted and persistent teeth. Clinical implications, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

31. Diastemas and tremas. Clinical implications, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

32. Dento-alveolar and skeletal constriction of the dental arches. Clinical implications, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.