Urine under the microscope
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Table of contents
Page
1. Introduction 7
1.01 The specimen 8
1.02 Microscopic study of the urinary sediment 8
1.03 Procedure 9
1.04 Special microscopy techniques 9
1.05 Stains Ю
2. Microorganisms 13
2.01 Escherichia coli 15
2.02 Aerobacter aero genes 17
2.03 Klebsiella pneumoniae 19
2.04 Proteus species 21
2.05 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23
2.06 Streptococcus faecalis (enterococci) 25
2.07 Supplement 27
3. Casts 29
3.01 Introduction 31
3.02 The nephron 32
3.03 Cast formation 34
3.04 Hyaline casts 37
3.05 Tubular epithelial casts . 39
3.06 Granular casts (coarse and fine) 41
3.07 White blood cell casts 43
3.08 Red blood cell casts 45
3.09 Casts with special morphology 47
3.10 Casts associated with abnormal urine or blood constituents ... 51
4. Cells 53
4.01 Introduction 55
4.02 Red blood cells 56
4.03 White blood cells 59
4.04 Epithelial cells 61
4.05 Histiocytes 65
4.06 Cytomegalic inclusion bodies 66
4.07 Malignant cells 67
4.08 Yeast cells 68
5. Crystals 69
5.01 Introduction 71
5.02 Techniques 72
5.03 Crystals associated with calculus disease 74
5.04 Crystals associated with liver insufficiency and other metabolic
diseases 81
5.05 Crystalline forms of drugs noted in urine 86
