ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Electrical Load Planning Power Distribution System Alternatives Voltage Considerations and Preferences Electrical Requirements for Process Equipment Electrical Requirements for Site Utility Equipment
Electrical Power Considerations for Non-U.S. Wine-Producing Countries Analysis of Rate Structures and Service Contracts Energy Considerations in Winery Lighting
Controls, Instrumentation, Utility Systems Monitoring Status, and Alarms
Power Loss and Surge Protection
Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Systems
Glossary
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Definition
Business Aspects and Winer)' Communication Needs Technology Changes Influencing Equipment Choices System Choices, Limitations, and Advantages Mobile Communication Systems Cellular Telephones Pagers
Facsimile Machines Other Devices
Telecommunications Security
Computers and Wine-Industry-Focused Software
Maintenance and Operation of Telecommunication Systems
Glossary
SANITATION, STEAM, AND HOT WATER
Winer)' Design Concepts, Winery Age, and Sanitation
Cleaning System Options
Water Use Planning Guidelines (Cleaning)
Boilers and Boiler Water Quality Primer on Boilers
Alternative Energy Sources for Hot Water
Maintenance and Operation of Steam/Hot-Water Systems
Glossary
REFRIGERATION, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING
Scope
Basic Principles Refrigerants
Fermentation Heat Balance and Tank Thermal Stratification Ventilation and Night-Air Cooling
Insulation and Solar Energy Considerations 100
Operation and Maintenance 104
Glossary 107
6 POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 112
Winery Site Water Resource Assessments 112
Prepurchase Winery Site Analysis 112
Well Casings 119
Well-Drilling Logs and Records 120
Water-Quality Assessment 124
Pump Efficiency Test 128
Well Abandonment 133
Land Use Conversion Water Use Equivalency Test 134
Water Dowsers 135
Water Demand Calculations 136
Winery Water Development and Environmental Impact Issues 141
Pressure Requirements 143
Water Meters 147
Water Storage 151
Water Treatment 161
Conventional Versus Package Treatment System 162
Problem Minerals 163
Disinfection 165
Water Conservation 167
Piping Pipe Materials, and Secondary Contamination 170
Bottled-Water Service 171
Standby Emergency Power 171
Economical Oversizing of Water System Components for
Future Expansion 173
Water System Operation and Maintenance 174
Glossary 175
7 IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS AND
RECLAIMED WASTEWATER 181
Integration of Winery and Vineyard Functions 181
Conflicts in Recycled Water Supply and Vineyard Irrigation Demand 181
Vineyard Water Requirements 183
Systems and Equipment 186
Operation and Maintenance of Reclaimed Wastewater Drip
Irrigation Systems 190
Glossary 191
8 WASTEWATER SYSTEMS 195
Overview and System Separation Philosophy 195
Treatment and Disposal of Sanitary Wastewater 196
Design Flows 197
Sanitary’ Wastewater Characteristics 198
Conventional Septic Tank and Leachfield System Components 201
Sewage Pump Stations 204
Package Treatment Plants and Other Above-Ground Alternatives
(Sanitary Wastewater) 212
Alternative Wastewater Systems (Specially Engineering Systems;
Sanitary Wastewater) 216
Operational and Maintenance of Sanitary Wastewater Systems 222
Winery Process Wastewater 225
Wastewater Flows 225
Process Wastewater Characterization 227
Aboveground Aerobic Waste Treatment Systems and
Performance Standards 236
Treatability of Winery Process Wastewater 237
Aerobic Treatment Options and Equipment Choices 242
Clarification and Settling Aids 245
System Expansion and Equipment Choices 248
Wastewater Metering 253
Winter Storage Requirements and Water Balance 254
Other Reclaimed Wastewater Reuse Options 257
Aquaculture 257
Landscape Irrigation 258
Fire Protection 258
Off-Site Use 259
Seasonal Wetlands and Wildlife Habitat Improvement 260
All-Weather Access 260
Fencing and Signage 260
Operation and Maintenance of Process Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal Systems 261
Responsibility of Wastewater System Designer 261
Elements of an O&M Manual 262
Staffing and Service Maintenance Contracts for
Wastewater Systems 268
Glossary 271
9 LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS SYSTEMS 278
Introduction 278
Gaseous Fuel Characteristics 279
Design Details 280
Odorized LP Gas, Forklift Garaging, and Gas Leak Detection 283
Pressure Relief Valves 285
Operational Maintenance of LP-Gas Systems 285
Other Forklift Options 286
Glossary 286
10 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS 288
Winery Fire Hazard and Occupancy Class 288
Fire Threats 290
Structural Features for Fire Prevention and Spread Containment 295
Fire Protection System Testing Institutes 296
Fire Protection Water Supply Systems 301
General Considerations 301
Fire Flow Rate and Duration 301
Fire Protection Storage Facilities 309
Fire Flow Pressure 315
Fire Pumps 316
Fire Alarms and Instrumentation 323
Sprinkler Systems 327
Overview 327
Sprinkler Design and Selection Considerations 329
Miscellaneous Fire Protection Equipment and Apparatus 335
Fire Hydrants 335
Interior and Exterior Fittings and Equipment 338
Portable Fire Extinguishers 340
Operation and Maintenance of Fire Protection Systems 341
Glossary 343
11 SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS 349
Overview 349
Laws and Regulations Governing the Handling of Solid Waste 350
Winery Solid Waste Characterization 352
Winery' Solid Waste 353
Vineyard Solid Waste 366
Winery’ Waste Generation Rate Estimates 369
Solid Waste Containers and Equipment 372
Solid Waste System Operation and Maintenance 376
Wineries and Adopt-a-Highway Programs 377
Glossary 378
12 WINERY UTILITIES AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS 382
Introduction 382
Human Behavior and High-Risk Job Activities 384
Workers’ Compensation Law (WCL) 385
Winery Operations and Air Resources 386
Utility Systems as Air-Pollution Sources 386
Indoor Air Quality 386
Respiratory Protection 389
Noise 391
Confined Space Regulations 393
Machinery Guards, Walking and Working Surfaces 393
Site Utilities and Health and Safety Planning 396
Electrical Systems 397
Refrigeration, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 398
Telecommunications 399
Sanitation, Steam and Hot Water 399
